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Fake fish: Medieval apple pie during Lent
(printout version recipe March/April 2003, 2 pages A4  Introduction to recipe and illustrations)

The spelling in the recipe is exactly as in the original manuscript. This means that -even for Dutch people- it will be more difficult to understand. For example, "j"and "i" were interchangeable. Read "jn" as "in".
The manuscript, which is conserved in the Royal Academy in Gent (Belgium) as nr.15, is a convolute. It consists of several seperate smaller manuscripts, which at some point in time were bound in one volume. There were four such manuscripts, three with mainly culinary recipes, the last with medicinal recipes. The culinary parts of KA Gent 15 have been published by W.L. Braekman (1986). 
The recipe for fake fish also appears in the "Nyeuwen coock boeck" (New cook book) by Gerard Vorselman from 1560 (ed. Mrs Cockx-Indesteege). More on the manuscript KA Gent 15 you can find in "'Ende dienet ter tafelen'. Culinaire recepten uit de Middeleeuwen" ("'Serve it forth'. Culinary recipes from the Middle Ages" by C.Muusers , in  the volumel Een wereld van kennis (A world of knowledge), pp.147-167. This contains also a number of recipes from the manuscript with an adaption.

The original text as given in the manuscript.

Om gheuormde wijs te maken in die wasten ende oeck calfsoeren.  To make formed fish during lent and also calf ears.
stoet jn enen mortijer vijf of sees appellen schon gheschelt sonder kersel huijs ende doter jnne van ghestoten amandellen of gheroost pepercock met een lutel sofferaens ende backt dese jn olye of mackt groten wijs backse gheuerwet ende van gheghat jnden ouen  Crush in a mortar five or six apples, peeled and cored. Add sugar, ginger and cinnamon, and add some pound almonds or toasted gingerbread with some saffron. Bake this in oil. Or make a big fish: bake this  in the oven, painted and with some holes in it.
Item calfs oeren maeckt aldus nempt gheplet deck sausijer ronde maeckt dat dobbel ende dan slaet die tve langen eynden te samen ende dan nempt scherp eynde tussen tve wijnhgheren ende steckt jrst dat runt ende en luttel daer nae met allen ende als dit stijf is nempt dat wijt ende doet daer jnne vanden vorseyde stof sonder sieden ende dijnt dat. Calf ears are made thus: Take the flattened dough, rounded like a saucer. Make it double, and take the two long ends together. Then take the pointed end between two fingers, and put first the rounded end in [the boiling oil], and shortly afterwards the whole. Take it out when it is crunchy, and put some of the afore mentioned stuffing in it without boiling [it], and serve it.

The recipe for fake fish.

the dough:
500 gram (1 pound) flour
125 gram (1/2 cup) oil (neutral of taste)
40 gram (1/3 cup) ground almonds
3 decilitre (1 1/4 cup) water
1 tsp. salt
some whole or sliced almonds to make scales if you want to
the stuffing:
3 apples
90 gram (1/2 cup) cane sugar 
1 tsp. ginger
1/2 tsp. cinnamon
1/2 tsp. saffron
2 slices gingerbread, lightly toasted en crumbled, or 40 gram (1/3 cup) ground almonds

Preparation in advance: Prepare the dough by mixing all the ingredients well together. The given quantities are relative: you may have to add water or flour accorling to wether the dough is too crumbly or sticky. Knead until you have a homogenous dough. Cover with plastic foil and let it rest for an hour in the refrigerator. Half an hour before you want to roll the dough, take it out of the refrigerator.
Make the stuffing: Put everything in the blender.

Preparation: Preheat the oven at 200oC. Divide the dough into two. Roll out the first part to an oval form. Use a pizza roller or a knife to cut out the form of a fish. Arrange the fish on a baking tray. Sprinkle some toasted breadcrumbs on the dough, to absorb the moisture of the stuffing. Spread the stuffing on the dough, leaving free the outer rim of the dough.
Roll out the second part of the dough, and cut the second fish, which is to cover the stuffing. Make two holes in it, one where you would expect the eye of the fish, and another near the tail. Place this second fish on the stuffing, and press the rims of the two fish well together. Now you can form fins, tail, gills, scales, whatever you want, to give your fake fish a realistic appearance. 
place the fake fish in the middle of the oven, bake for 45 to 60 minutes.

To serve: This applepie can be served either hot or cooled to room temperature.

In the fifteenth century this "fish" would have been served alongside with real fish. Now we serve applepie for dessert, or with tea or coffee.
However, this applepie is spicier then the average modern applepie, especially when it is made with gingerbread instead of ground almonds. 

Gingerbread: The "peperkoek" or "ontbijtkoek" that you can buy in Dutch supermarkets is made of rye flour, honey and spices. Although probably not the same thing as meant in the original recipe, it can be used as a substitute. But, since the recipe mentions ground almonds as an alternative, you could use these instead.
Saffron: The orange-red stigmas of a crocus. In medieval times (as in modern times) it was used to colour dishes yellow. When using gingerbread in this recipe instead of ground almonds, you can leave out the saffron. The colouring of saffron is too subtle to compete with the dark colour of toasted gingerbread.
Ground almonds: You can buy ground almonds (they are the main component of marzipan), or grind the almonds yourself. Ground almonds are used in the same way as grated cocnut is: you can make almond milk, to thicken sauces with. The almond milk can also be used to make almond butter (like peanut butter!). During Lent almond milk was an important substitute for milk and eggs in recipes.

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This page was last updated on 23-07-09 (d-m-y).